Informal Fallacies: Sample Exam

Submitted by admin on Thu, 10/04/2012 - 04:57
Informal Fallacies: Sample Exam
 
INSTRUCTIONS:
This e-learning activity has two (2) parts--to be submitted to your Logic Professor:
 
I. Identify the informal fallacy or fallacies committed by each of the arguments below. (If you don't know the name of the fallacy, you may refer to the book "LOGIC: A Foundation of Critical Thinking," pages 171-181.)
          Choose only 10 items to answer. Write your answer in the comment section below ("add a comment"). 'Print Screen' or 'Screen shot' your published answer, print it, and submit to your Logic/Debate Professor.
 
II. Take the fun e-learning quiz game in this link (below the video) Truth, Validity, and Soundness.
Note: After taking the fun quiz, 'print Screen' or 'Screen shot' your quiz score, print it, and submit to your Logic/Debate Professor.
          Have Fun!

For Part I
1. A reckless motorist Thursday struck and injured a student who was jogging through the campus in his pickup truck. Therefore, it is unsafe to jog in your pickup truck.

2. Whenever I wash my car, it rains. I have discovered a way to end droughts- get all the people to wash their cars.

3. "Why do white sheep eat more than black ones?" The answer, "Because there are more of them."

4. This country has been run too long by old, out-of-date, out-of-touch, entrenched politicians protecting the special interests that got them elected.

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The Importance of Logic in Writing

Submitted by admin on Wed, 10/03/2012 - 04:49
ALMOST ALL WRITINGS involve argument, that is, the effort to support some assertions (called conclusions) with others (called premises), the truth of which are in turn substantiated by more specific or immediate evidence.
 
When you write a journalistic article, or an essay or term paper for a course, or a memo, business letter, research report, or proposal for a job, implicitly included in your goal is to influence the readers to agree with your assumptions. Hence, it is important to select your proofs cautiously. Equally necessary is being familiar with the logical ways of organizing the evidence that the conclusion would appear acceptable. Remember that the soundness of argument relies not only on proofs, but also on logic or the way one uses the evidence in his reasoning.

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The Mystifying 'Not' in the English Language

Submitted by admin on Fri, 08/24/2012 - 22:53

THE WORD ‘NOT’ enters the dictionaries as an adverb. It is considered a ‘negative adverb’ because it basically expresses the notion ‘no.’

 
In Modern Symbolic Logic, the word ‘not’ finds its place in the topic ‘negation’—a special kind of compound proposition. The word ‘not’ essentially appears in negative propositions because it is the one usually used to convey the negation (or denial, or refusal) of a particular proposition.
 

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Fraternity: Belongingness or Violence?

Submitted by admin on Thu, 12/08/2011 - 12:06
SOME AUTHORITIES say that people join fraternities or sororities for basically the same reasons. Gang membership is oftentimes related to the 5 basic needs that Abraham Maslow theorized: the physiological needs, the needs for safety, the need for love/belongingness, the need for self-esteem, and the need to feel that someone has the potential to reach specific goals (self-actualization). College fraternities are said to be not that different from gangs--members all want the security of being able to identify with a group and find solidarity through the group membership.

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Philippine Supreme Court Justices: Should they be elected or not?

Submitted by admin on Sun, 12/04/2011 - 02:54
Philippine Supreme Court Justices: Should they be elected or not?
 

THE JUDICIARY IS ONE OF THE THREE BRANCHES of the government which is co-equal with the Legislative and the Executive branches. Under the Judiciary Department is the Supreme Court which is the highest court of the land. It is composed of 14 Associate Justices appointed by the President of the Philippines.  The Judiciary is the only department of the government wherein its justices are appointed and not elected by the voting citizens.
               
The 8-5 votes of Supreme Court in favor of a temporary restraining order filed by the former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on the watch list order of the Department of Justice is so controversial. As they were appointed by her, many say that most of the Associate Justices of Supreme Court are part of the elaborate scheme laid down by the past administration to frustrate efforts of exacting accountability and justice from the decrepit couple.

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K-12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines: Beneficial or Additional Burden?

Submitted by admin on Sun, 12/04/2011 - 02:48

THIS DEBATE is on whether the government should put its limited resources on the Enhanced K-12 Basic Education Program which will add two years to our present 10-year basic education. The enhanced K-12 program as many now know, will have kindergarten, 6 years of elementary education, four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to 10), and two years of senior high school.

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Same Sex Marriage: Good or Bad for our Society?

Submitted by admin on Sun, 12/04/2011 - 02:34
Same Sex Marriage: Good or Bad for our Society?
 

 

THE ISSUE cannot be ignored, as legislators and voters around the country grapple with whether and how to recognize same-sex relationships.
 
Traditionally in this country, marriage has been defined as a religious and legal commitment between a man and woman, as well as the ultimate expression of love.
 
          On the other side, gay marriage, also known as same-sex marriage, is marriage between two persons of the same sex. Homosexual relationships are increasingly gaining acceptance in other countries, but still banned in the Philippines. A same-sex marriage opponent argues that marriage between a woman and a man is the fundamental ...
 

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Philippine Government: Favoring the Rich or Not?

Submitted by admin on Sun, 12/04/2011 - 02:28
 
WATCH THE MAMASAPANO PNP-SAF MASSACRE VIDEO
 
“HE WHO HAS LESS IN LIFE MUST HAVE MORE IN LAW” – President Ramon Magsaysay
 
SLUMS are the densely populated, squalid parts of the city. They are undesirable areas of the city that are unwanted. These spots become inhabited by the millions of poor people who have low paying jobs or work in the informal sector of society- they are too poor to pay high rental fees and instead choose to build makeshift homes on un-chartered land. It is an immense global problem since so many people in the Third World are living below the poverty level.

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Euthanasia: Moral or Immoral?

Submitted by admin on Sun, 12/04/2011 - 02:18
Euthanasia: Moral or Immoral?
 

IF ASKED, most people would perhaps want to live to a ripe old age, and then die painlessly in their sleep. Unfortunately, this is not the reality of life most people experience.  People, mostly, will die a long struggle with a painful disease. Others will find that their body weakens to such a degree, that they wish they were dead. Those who might choose to end their suffering, by committing suicide.

However, others might find that despite wishing to end their life, they are physically incapable of doing so, and as such will need theassistance of someone else to do so.  It is with the latter part that the debate about Euthanasia is primarily concerned.

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On Caring for Our Brothers

Submitted by admin on Tue, 11/08/2011 - 10:03
THE “GIANTS OF THE FOREST” have a distinct characteristic that enables them to survive even strong high winds.
 
Well-known to forest dwellers and hunters as Redwoods, the Sequoia trees are strikingly very steady and enduring. Distinct from other trees that usually sink their roots to a depth proportionate to their height, Redwoods, which tower above the earth at tremendous heights, send their roots outward to intermingle with each other. Collectively, these trees make a shatterproof stronghold, enabling them to weather all kinds of destructive winds ...
 

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